Because Mongolia is not able to protect its entire territory with its military force, the Mongolian government officially adopts a defensive position and prepares the MAF for localised combat action. Defence budget constraints force the MAF to rely on limited technological and military reforms. ![]() With a population of 3.1 million and a GDP of US$11.2 billion in 2016, Mongolia’s national defence needs push against the constraints that flow from its limited human and material resources. The third involves establishing a future defence policy for the country and for the Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF). The second involves justifying the Mongolian military’s leading role in homeland security, in the support of civil defence operations and in peace support operations outside of Mongolian territory. The first relates to enhancing its relationships with its immediate neighbours (China and Russia) and its ‘ third neighbours’ - the non-contiguous countries relevant to Mongolia’s national security interests like the United States. To this end, Mongolia’s contemporary national security strategy has three major policy goals. Since there was no longer a collective security system in place, it became vital for Mongolia to create an independent security policy that gives priority to its national interests: ensuring its independence and territorial integrity, achieving economic security and development, and protecting the civil liberties of its people. The disintegration of the Soviet Union left Mongolia scrambling to create a new security framework for itself. From the 1960s to the 1990s, Soviet forces in Mongolia provided it with military assistance as part of a strong Soviet defence presence in Northeast Asia. Mongolia’s post-Cold War efforts to develop an independent security policy offer insight into the delicate strategic balancing that its geographic location ‘ between the hammer and the anvil’ demands.Īs the Sino–Soviet rift of the early 1960s developed, Mongolia shed its balanced relations with its immediate neighbours and drew closer to Russia. ![]() Since the breakup of that system in the early 1990s, land-locked Mongolia has sought a way to get along with both of its large and powerful neighbours, China and Russia, and to ensure its own security through defence and diplomacy. Economics, Politics and Public Policy in East Asia and the PacificĪuthor: Colonel Amarbayasgalan Shambaljamts, Mongolian Armed Forcesĭuring the era of Communist rule in the former Soviet Union, Mongolia was integrated into a Soviet collective security system.
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